منابع مشابه
Shelter and Development
The importance of a house in enabling individuals and families to attain physical shelter from inclement weather, provide security, a ‘grounded’ attachment to place, and enhance the quality of life of residents is an idea that has universal acceptance. Particularly since the Second World War, it has become an integral part of the popular imagination. The almost iconic status of what a house rep...
متن کاملExpenditures for Shelter *
A family may buy shelter either by purchasing a dwelling or by renting it. The shelter costs of owners are of two kinds, the cost of acquisition and the continuing cost of ownership. After a dwelling has been purchased the owner must make expenditures for taxes, assessments , repairs and upkeep, and for insurance to protect his investment. There are other costs of ownership which do not involve...
متن کاملShelter and indoor air.
Improvements in outdoor air quality that were achieved through the implementation of the Clean Air Act accentuate the quality of the indoor air as an important, if not dominant, factor in the determination of the total population exposure to air contaminants. A number of developments are adding important new determinants of indoor air quality. Energy conservation strategies require reductions i...
متن کاملEquity Tax and Shelter
Taxes have major costs beyond the collected revenue: deadweight from distorted incentives, compliance and enforcement costs, etc. A simple market mechanism, the Equity Tax, avoids these problems for the trickiest cases: corporate, dividend, and capital gains taxes. It exploits the ability of the share prices to reflect the expected true annual return (as perceived by investors, not as defined b...
متن کاملTypology of Earth-shelter Architecture in Iran
Earth-Shelter construction is one of the aspects in architecture where the thermal mass of the earth behind the outer walls are applied in order to reduce heat loss and keep the internal temperature at human comfort range. In case of earth-shelter buildings, housing is especially important. As for its applicability the earth-shelter provides good housing. Typological studies of earth-shelter co...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Military Technical Collection
سال: 2014
ISSN: 2312-4458
DOI: 10.33577/2312-4458.11.2014.85-88